Alfred Jules Ayers Language, Truth and Logic, the Major...

In 1936 Alfred Jules Ayer published a book named, Language, Truth, and Logic. At the time of its publication, it was understood to be the major thesis of Logical Positivism (Macdonald). In order to understand the Verification Principle, one must first become somewhat familiar with Logical Positivism. Logical Positivism is a school of philosophic thought that combines empiricism, the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world, with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs and deductions in epistemology, the study of knowledge (Log Pos). The Verification Principle states that a statement is cognitively meaningful if and only if it is either analytic or in†¦show more content†¦In the future I believe humans will return to the practice of having fewer divorces. According to the Verification Principle, Logical Positivists believe a large part of philosophy can not be judged as either true or false. Many statements concerning aesthetics, metaphysics, and theology have been rendered cognitively meaningless and cannot be proven logically, mathematically, nor by observation or experiment (Reilly). Woodstock was a great event for music lovers. Tonight the stars will cease to shine. Is there really life after death? A.J. Ayers and the Logical Positivists believed that cognitively meaningless statements had no truth in value, and that itself made it a waste of time to debate them. Karl Popper did not like the requirement that meaningful sentences be verifiable, stating the positivists’ criterion of verifiability was too strong a criterion for science, and proposed that they be replaced by a criterion of falsifiability (Karl Popper). Popper believed that falsifiability was a better criterion because it did not invite the philosophical problems inherent in verifying induction, and it allowed statements from the physical sciences which seemed scientific but which did not me et the verification criterion (Log Pos). Popper also argues that science should adopt a methodology based on falsifiability, because no number of experiments can ever prove a

Organizational Structure And Information Sharing Culture

The cumulative knowledge of employees, suppliers, customers and other key stakeholders has seen many organizations become dependent on individuals other than their employees. This is because the global economy has transformed into an information-driven economy while heavily relying on technology. A great influence on an organization’s success is its ability to share available information among organizational members. Proper sharing of information, which requires a free flow of information among the members of an organization, breeds a competitive advantage. An organization’s wealth information is, therefore, a combination of the information held by all stakeholders. To pool this information for easier access, the formality in an†¦show more content†¦In fact, the significance of sharing information among members of an organization can be analyzed from the perspective of dealing and adapting to situations that can be termed as disastrous or emergency. The free flow of information is a concern with the movement of information or data between the members of an organization. In information sharing, there is need to distinguish between information, data, and knowledge. The transferable knowledge is tacit in nature (Ferreire Plessis, 2009). The information sharing aspects of an organization are driven by the organizational characteristics of culture and subculture (Ferreire Plessis, 2009). Exchange of information between and within an organization reinforces response activities by members of the team during disasters. In times of disasters, multiple organizations collect, collate and communicate data and information to decide how resource allocation will be done as a means to minimize social and economic impacts. To increase performance within an organization, there is need to disseminate new information continually to key individuals. This information plays the role of an economic resource (Li Lin, 2006). Li Lin (2006) relates sharing of information to activities of a value chain within the subcultures of the organization. Each subculture tends to: (i) need different data, information, andShow MoreRelatedEssay On Knowledge Sharing1479 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough knowledge sharing has been constantly overlook and ignored in less developing countries like Pakistan. Under the current study attempt was made to delineate the factors that enhance, facilitates and influence knowledge sharing in developing countries. The current research focuses on banking sector and made contribution in Pakistani scholarly circle within the context of banks. The limited evidences are found that focus on these variable in banking context. Organizational factors selected underRead MoreFunctional Organizational Des igns, Vertical Versus Communication922 Words   |  4 PagesShared Information Shared information is important because top and middle level mangers spend most of their time exchanging information and make a majority of the organizations strategic decisions, therefore, based on this information. According to Daft (2013), in mechanistic organizational designs, vertical versus communication is common and involves top managers passing down information to employees about goals, strategies, job instructions, procedure and so forth. This sharing of informationRead MoreEssay On Knowledge Sharing In Banking Sector879 Words   |  4 Pages3. Methodology The objective of this current research is to investigate how knowledge sharing practices has been implemented in banking sector. Data is collected through the self-administered Questionnaire. Data is collected from the five cites of the Punjab. The cities includes Okara, Depalpur, Pakpattan, Arifwala and Multan. The respondent of the research are managerial staff those responsible for day to day activates. Data is collected within two months Respondent are selected randomly total 180Read MoreThe Business And Organizational Culture1579 Words   |  7 Pagesperformance. Success of any given acquisition is the ability of the acquisition to effectively integrate with existing business units to generate a seamless flow of information and sharing of tasks in a manner that maximizes the use of resources. One critical element that determines the success of the alliance is a business and organizational culture. Interestingly, the case of acquisitions does not simply combine the strengths, competitive advantages, and benefits that individual company has into greaterRead MoreThe Factors That Influence Academics Behavior Toward Knowledge Sharing1689 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviour toward knowledge sharing in Universities ?â€Æ' Introduction These days, large organizations are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of knowledge for efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness by establishing appropriate knowledge management systems. Knowledge sharing has been considered a significant component of success in Knowledge Management (KM). The main activities in Knowledge sharing are acquiring, sharing, and storing the knowledge. Knowledge sharing is essential to the successRead MoreOticon Case Study Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study OTICON Todays knowledge special: spaghetti Knowledge has been recognized as a valuable resource necessary for organizational growth and sustained competitive advantage, especially for organizations competing in uncertain environment. Grant (1996) and Liebeskind (1996) argued that knowledge is an organizations most valuable resource because it represents intangible assets, operational routines and creative processes that are hard to imitate. This is probably why Oticon focuses soRead More Organizational Behavior Essay973 Words   |  4 Pages Organizational Behavior: A Case of Effective Management nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; â€Å"Organizational structure is the formal system of task and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates, and motivates employees so that they cooperate and work together to achieve the organization’s goals†. (George et al, 2002). The importance of structure can’t be stressed enough. Having an organizational structure ensures that each member of the organization has the correct goals of their particularRead MoreInformation, Social And Administration Motivation Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction KM is defined as the set of organized and regimented actions that can be taken to attain the maximum value from the knowledge available to it by an organization. A proper combination of organizational, social and administration motivation along with exploitation of apposite technology is required by knowledge management. Gathering, classify, store and spread all knowledge which the organization needs to both develop and progress is the idea of KM. To leverage and reuse knowledge resourcesRead MoreFBI Case study1115 Words   |  5 Pagesmaking principle of the company and the flow of information (both formal and informal) within the company. Four organizational structures are the most common to all organizations, namely: hierarchical, flat, matrix and networked. The hierarchical structure comprises of a top level management and keeps getting segmented to different levels depending on the work that has to be done. The decision making is done by the topmost level management in the structure while the lower level work force follows theRead MoreHow Organizational Size and Structure Influences Control1375 Words   |  6 PagesHow Organizational Structure, Size and Control Determine Culture Abstract The agility of any enterprise and its acuity in recognizing new opportunities while averting risks are critical skills that need to be continually improved if any business is going to survive the increasingly turbulent economic conditions of many industries today. Of the many concepts, frameworks and initiatives for making an organizational culture more agile, responsive and capable of dealing with opportunity, uncertainty

Summary Of Night By Elie Wiesel - 2168 Words

â€Å"I would tell him that I have tried. That I have tried to keep memory alive, that I have tried to fight those who would forget. Because if we forget, we are guilty, we are accomplices,† Elie Wiesel tells his former self (118). Wiesel has dedicated a majority of his future to fighting against the world’s silence with lessons such as these found in his memoir, Night. Even after undergoing the mass genocide called the Holocaust and hearing of the experiences from one of the victims himself, the world has fallen into a time of suffering yet again. Today, North Korea’s line of oppressive rulers practice their absolute control on Korean lives just as the Nazi’s oppressed the Jews. Following the second World War, the Korean War took place resulting in the country splitting in two: communist North Korea, or the Korean Worker’s Party, and democratic South Korea, or People’s Republic of Korea. This event began the brutal reign of the Kim family, c onsisting of Kim Ill-sung, Kim Jong-ill, and Kim Jong-un, on North Korea. For three generations, North Koreans were burdened with decades of torture, starvation, and manipulation. Now, the world is seemingly turning its eyes away from North Korea and labeling it a lost cause. There is little hope in store for these Koreans as Kim Jong-un expands his control globally with a new force of destruction: nuclear weapons. Similar to the concentration camps depicted in Elie Wiesel’s memoir, Night, the people of North Korea continue to face oppressionShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1773 Words   |  8 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel Chapter Summary and Analysis Chapter 1 Sighet, Hungary Main Character - Elie Wiesel Son Romanian His father is a shopkeeper Has 3 sisters One of them is younger Two of them are older Jewish Scholar of sorts (loves to learn) Hasidic Judaism (super jewish) (with all the tassels and strict rules about eating) Studies the jewish mysticisms What they call the talmud the body of Jewish civil and ceremonial law and legend comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara. There are twoRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1289 Words   |  6 PagesA Loss in Faith, Ever Found? Night, written by Elie Wiesel, tells the terrifying experience in the concentration camps that many Jews were imprisoned in during World War II. Throughout most of the novel, Elie Wiesel tells about how many prisoners, including himself, lost faith in God. During the Holocaust many groups of people, especially Jews, were taken to concentrations camps and treated in the most inhumane way. Many were taken away from their homes, and lost everything that was once their ownRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1670 Words   |  7 Pagesa required book to read. My sister in law, whom is a History major, had the privilege of meeting Elie Wiesel’s in High School and was lucky enough to receive and autographed version of his book. She told me how emotional is was hearing him talk about his experiences in person, being physically next to someone and hearing them relive their terrible experiences. Night is an autobiography written by Elie Wiesel’s about his horrific experienc e as a prisoner in World War II living in a concentration campRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel757 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Giacona Dr. Berg EUH 1001-01Z 1 May. 2016 Essay on Night Have you ever had to make an instant decision that would significantly impact your life? I certainly had to make some quick decisions and I’m sure you as well had to make some impactful choices. This is exactly what Elie Wiesel was forced to do when it came down to a life or death situation. There are 3 decisions that I had come across that I thought would be important if I was in Elie’s position to make a sacrificial or crucial decisionsRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1542 Words   |  7 PagesKeandre Santiago Mr. Roe English 4 CP Book Report Part 1 Title: Night Author: Elie Wiesel Number of pages:120 Where published: Buenos Aires Copyright date:1972 Setting (time and place): Early 1940s, during World War Two, Holocaust era. starting in Sighet, Transylvania, and moving throughout concentration camps in Europe. Type of book: Holocaust autobiography I would describe the main character Eliezer as polluted. His innocence as a child was stolen. his beliefs that were fueled by his curiosityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1045 Words   |  5 PagesIn the memoir Night by Elie Wiesel, Elie Wiesel is a young boy who struggles to survive after being forced to live in the brutal concentration camp of Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, death and suffering is rampant, but due to compassionate words and actions from others, Elie is able to withstand these severe living conditions and overcome the risk of death in the unforgiving Auschwitz. As shown through the actions and words of characters in Night, compassion, the sympathetic pity for the suffering or misfortuneRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1087 Words   |  5 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel The aim of this book review is to analyze Night, the autobiographical account of Elie Wiesel’s horrifying experiences in the German concentration camps. Wiesel recounted a traumatic time in his life with the goal of never allowing people to forget the tragedy others had to suffer through. A key theme introduced in Night is that these devastating experiences shifted the victim s view of life. By providing a summary, critique, and the credentials of the author Elie Wiesel, thisRead MoreElie Wiesel And Oskar Schindler And Schindlers List768 Words   |  4 PagesMillions of Jews died in world war 2 millions of innocent lives perished one of the darkest chapters in human history. At Auschwitz alone, more than 2 million Jews were murdered (history.com). To begin, Night published by Elie Wiesel, the summary of night, Jews were being sent to concentration camps to work and be safe during the war. the Jews were tortured and killed by the s.s soldiers. The Jews were liberated by the red army at the end of the war. Secondly, Schindler’s List Directed by StevenRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel842 Words   |  4 Pagesthemes of Night and the imagery that the author, Elie Wiesel, uses to create them. The themes we will discuss are identity, silence, and night. !!!About the Book If you were an observant Jew who believed in a loving God, then you and your family were captured by a group of ill-intentioned people, causing the death of your family, what would you think about whether God and humans are good or not? That is the main concern of Eliezer, the main character in Night. Night was writtenRead MoreNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank The Holocaust was the most horrific time that man has known. To survive this atrocity, the Holocaust victims man upon man atrocity, one had to summon bravery, strength, courage, and wisdom that many did not know they possessed. One survivor is Elie Wiesel, whose exquisite writings have revealed the world of horror suffered by the Jewish people. Elie Wiesels statement, ...to remain silent and indifferent is the greatest sin of all...

A Study On Bias And Selection Bias - 987 Words

Bias Although prospective cohort studies have fewer potential sources of bias and confounding than retrospective studies, the study is still vulnerable to bias. The study is vulnerable to selection bias. Selection bias occurs in a cohort study when the loss to follow-up is related to both the exposure and outcome of interest. Loss to follow-up can arise in the study, if subjects can no longer be located or when they no longer want to participate in a study. Loss to follow-up is problematic since it can reduce the power of the study to detect associations that are truly present, and it can bias the study results. Individuals in the study can be lost due to many reasons such as personal choice to opt out of the study, death, or change in geographic location. Loss to follow-up did occurred in this study. Of the 37,500 individuals, 2,700 participants were lost during follow-up. Due to loss to follow, it can bias the results by causing the true measure of association to be either overestimated or underestimated. To reduce loss to follow, is to obtain high participation rate. High participation rates is not always feasible but most epidemiologists are satisfy with participation rates greater than 80%. The participation rate of the study is 92.8%. Although the rate is higher than 80%, it is still important to consider how this bias impacts the outcome. In addition, the study is vulnerable to information bias. Information bias is an error that is due to systematic differences inShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination And Bias : The Interview Process And The Resulting Effects On Employee Selection1292 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination and Bias in the Interview Process and the Resulting Effects on Employee Selection Alicia Crews Fayetteville State University Abstract Discrimination and bias in employee selection was measured by assessing whether interviewers would select the same candidate from a blind interview versus a traditional in-person interview. For the study, interviewers were paired with results from blind interviews and then were required to interview the same employee candidate in anRead MoreGender Bias In The Recruitment Process At Job Fairs1270 Words   |  5 PagesGender Bias in the Recruitment Process at Job Fairs Chapter 1: Problem Definition Administrative Research Problem Background Gender bias is problematic for organizations that wish to increase innovation and avoid legal problems due to their hiring practices. Federal law requires that hiring practices do not exclude persons based on their gender, race, ethnicity, or any other category to which they belong. Hiring must be based solely on the persons ability and suitability for the jobRead MoreAnalyzing Different Approaches Of Sampling885 Words   |  4 Pagesstudied to represent the attributes of the entire populations ( Polit Beck, 2014). The different strategies of sampling includes: 1. Probability sampling is typically used in quantitative research studies (Polit Beck, 2014). It involves a specific analytical process that requires the random selection of attributes from a population that is being studied, which establishes that there is an equal likelihood of each attribute in the population(Polit Beck, 2014). Some of the most common types ofRead MoreHomeopathic Case Study1290 Words   |  6 Pagesthe highest level of evidence. Therefore, articles 1,3,4 and 10 will not be selected. Of the remaining 6, articles 2 and 5 are single blinded and therefore more open to bias by the clinicians. Article number 9 is a double blinded study, however may not represent the elderly population who have osteoarthritis since it is an animal study. Lastly, article 7 wasn’t chosen due to the small sample size used. Thus, articles 6 and 8 were chosen. Article 6 (Van Haselen, Fisher 2000): The research design usedRead MoreChemical Surveillance Program For Leukemia1184 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnostic test. It was determined of those exposed, 214 tested positive, 29 tested negative and 90 non-exposure tested positive. With the use of a contingency table we will evaluate the measures of validity of the screening test used. In the study of the association between benzene exposure and leukemia causality has been established using the Bradford Hill criteria for two specific agents: Ionizing radiation and benzene. Evidence has been established that high daily exposure to benzene inRead MoreDefinition Of Self Selection Bias751 Words   |  4 Pages1. â€Å"Self-selection bias† is a bias that occurs when people select themselves into a group resulting in a biased sample such as the school lotteries where only those students are enrolled who (or whose parents) chose to. Kahlenberg and Potter warned the readers about â€Å"self-selection bias† in Smarter Charter, and stated that many national studies about the effectiveness of charter schools are not controlled for self-selection bias, therefore, their results do not provide an adequate portrayal aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Kasi Jackson 822 Words   |  4 PagesKasi Jackson extends her research throughout many branches of feminist science studies. Although she mainly studies women and gender, she has also studied branches of science and technology throughout her career. Jackson s intent is to accurately represent animal-behavior without bias. She hopes to also counter feminist arguments which believe critiques will render scientists from using feminism as a t ool within their research. She began studying the cichlid fish to determine how research throughoutRead MoreTo what extent does random selection of jury members create bias and would jury selection provide a solution?1030 Words   |  5 PagesTo what extent does random selection of jury members create bias and would jury selection provide a solution? The theory behind the UK system of random selection is based on many assumptions. Firstly that randomness produces a representative sample of the population, which will provide verdicts, representative of the general public. It is assumed that if one juror has an apparent prejudice, then those in other jurors will counter it and so bias does not occur in thisRead MoreBody920 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresented within the studies, thereby reducing selection bias with regards to race. Wang et al. (2013) and Holmedahl et al. (2014) took the measurements at a hospital sleep center. Azuma et al. (2014) obtained study subjects from an urban wholesale company in Japan, with the measurements coming from portable monitors worn at the office and at home over the course of one week. Stanchina et al. (2013) used records from hospital outpatients. The remaining studies used measurements taken from universityRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Functionalism1228 Words   |  5 PagesBias, as defined by Merriam-Webster, is an inclination of temperament or outlook, or a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgement. We face bias in our everyday lives when dealing with all aspects of life and not necessarily the criminal justice system. As a part of society, like conflict, bias helps our society function. While not always in a positi ve sense, bias does have a place in society that helps it function the way we know it today. Bias in society can be compared or categorized under the

Our Town Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Our Town Argumentative Essay Our TownOur Town, by Thornton Wilder, written in 1938, was first performed at the McCarter theatre, New Jersey, on the 22nd of January1938. It is an example of meta theatre, and chronicles the lives of ordinary, everyday people, during their ordinary, everyday lives. The story is based in Grovers Corners, a small town in New Hampshire, set at the turn of the century. The play involves three main acts, each focussed upon a different aspect of life. Set in 1901, the first act simply discusses the passing of an uneventful day in the town. We are exposed to all the characters, particularly two teenage characters, Emily Webb, and George Gibbs. The second act focuses upon love and marriage, and takes place in 1904, the day of Emily and Georges wedding. We are exposed to all the tremulous events of marriage, yet the scene ends happily. The final act, set in 1913 involves the funeral of Emily Webb. After her death Emily chooses to return to her past, selecting her 12th birthday. Emily is soon returns to the cemetery, finding the whole experience saddening, as she realises the waste her life has been, taking everything for granted, not cherishing the smallest of treasures. Emily accepts death. Throughout this seemingly simple plot Wilder illustrates the relationship of the individual to the vastness of the universe, in fact, it is the simplicity of the plot that allows this topic to be addressed. I have been offered the position of a director of this play, and will further discuss my methods, adhering carefully to those suggested by Wilder. Thornton Wilder once referred to Our Town as an effort to find the dignity in the trivial of our daily life, against those preposterous stretches which seem to rob it of any such dignity This is an important aspect of the play, especially in todays society. Our whole idea of life is entertainment which is short, exciting, and requires no thinking. People prefer a roller coaster ride to smelling the roses. With the main theme of Our Town being focussing upon the small, everyday aspects of life, and celebrating them, it is difficult to guarantee the audience is not bored. I believe the key to ensuring the audience accepts, and comprehends the ideals of the play, by advertising the play as a mental workout. If the play is promoted as deep, touching upon our place in the universe, the audience will prepared to participate, and see the deeper meanings under the apparently almost stereotypical story. The staging of the play would once again be taken from Wilders original concept. The set would be bare of extravagant props and detail, only small, essential props being used. This would highlight the need of the audience to perceive the value in small things. The staging actually provides a channel for understanding for the audience. A bare stage, but for tables, chairs, of each of the families would allow the audience to develop their own mental set. The stage being merely a blank set with a few tables respects Wilders third fundamental condition for theatre, that theatre is a world of pretense. As the play is based on a world of pretense, there is no need for concentration upon sets and costumes, the characters and narrative create the simple reality instead. The play is continuously interrupted by the Stage Manager, providing background information, and commentary, this reminds us that we are watching a play. Since the audience is constantly reminded of the play, any attempts to imitate a real life situation, by set are futile. As Wilder requested there would be no backstage curtain, a literal bare stage. .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 , .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 .postImageUrl , .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 , .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0:hover , .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0:visited , .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0:active { border:0!important; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0:active , .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0 .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf137e4c1132e186e299ef4edbc0dc4b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The jungle book EssayThe most important aspect of Our Town is the way the characters are portrayed, and perceived. To be effective, the characters need to display emotions, and demonstrate their characters in an almost generic manner, each displaying their type of person. Wilders second fundamental condition is that performances should be addressed to the group mind, insinuating that audiences play an integral part in a production, acting as both spectators, and audience. The Stage manger reminds them that they are, in fact, watching a play, and by this helps them to participate completely. The Stage Manager is basically the backbone of Our Town. The

Representation makes dummies of us all Essay Example For Students

Representation makes dummies of us all Essay He is still romanticised, to some extent, through his own description of his actions; I dont talk much. I swing up beside them and do it with my eyes. Brando. By alluding to such a well known actor, the reader again questions their own opinion on the speaker how can this Psychopath be just that, but also comparable to Marlon Brando, Jimmy Dean and a king? The identity of the character comes through a construct of others, none of his own traits are apparent, only a mixture of various other identities. Although the character describes himself as crystal, the image is blurred by the breath on the mirror. Mirrors and reflections play a large part in Carol Ann Duffys poetry, especially in Psychopath. The contradiction of crystal clear and the steamed mirror gives the impression of a lack of reflection you cannot see yourself when the mirror is misted up. Without a reflection, then, can there really be a character in the first place? He appears to be clear, yet unclear, real yet unreal even the words he speaks are given to him by the poet. At the end of the poem however, the speaker does identify with his reflection, yet does not refer to it as himself; Heres looking at you. These words, again not his own, are from the film Casablanca in which Humphrey Bogart plays a bad character who is redeemed. Here, however, the character is not redeemed and yet again the speaker is comparing himself to something, rather than being an individual. This is apparent through many of Duffys poems; simile and metaphor are often used as description, comparing to a similar thing, not describing exactly or definitively. Therefore, we are only ever given a list of what something is like, rather than what it actually is. These comparisons are of course subjective, so what we gain is an opinion, a description through vague ideas of similarity. What we are left with then, is just a silhouette, an outline, a dummy of what is really being described. For the character, is appears almost a sense of delusion, as Gregson argued; These tactics allow to suggest how overpoweringly right and reasonable sexist attitudes can appear to those who hold them, and how wrong and aggressive their consequences are for their victims (Gregson 1996 : 106-7) In a sense, it could be seen that using a series of similes, comparisons and also stereotypes, the characters of Duffys poems are hiding their identity, perhaps from themselves; it is easier to say I am like him and like her than accept, or even understand, your own personal identity. Poet for our Times for example, shows a series of truly British caricatures Eastenders sex stories, MPs misbehaving and page three models which satirises the way that British culture obsessively caricatures itself in its concern not to take itself too seriously (Gregson 1996 : 104). The same can be seen in Model Village (Selected Poems : 37) where everything is just how it should be; Grass is green / and the pillar-box is red. The speaker then adds, Wouldnt it be strange if grass were red? Hard to Say (The Other Country : 45 ) looks at tired clichi s used in reference to love, but this is also applicable to the hiding of identity in Duffys poems. It is as if this could be any other couple, in any other time, any other place. The words become plain, the same and meaningless. Words, Wide Night (The Other Country : 47) is another poem about love, which muses on how words cannot represent the feeling between two people. Does then, trying to represent love, take away the power of it, lessen it and make it mundane; a dummy of what it really is? Or rather, use the lazy words of Hard to Say to become just the same as everybody else. Unique identity seems undesirable and Carol Ann Duffy seems to want to highly that the quest for acceptance places a large part in peoples everyday lives this can be seen from the minority voices that Duffy tries to represent. .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 , .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 .postImageUrl , .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 , .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497:hover , .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497:visited , .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497:active { border:0!important; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497:active , .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497 .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u460492d94815ec8e4d823c8f44376497:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Daisy Miller and Catherine Sloper EssayBy subverting identity through a series of other images and stereotypes, it is easy to blend in, become a dummy, just as the ones that the Psychopath sees through the shop windows (Selected Poems : 43). Ironic perhaps, that the good-looking girl makes the air sing Johnny, Remember Me, as she will not remember anything more after her encounter with the Psychopath and neither will he, as he adds, Tomorrow / will find me elsewhere, with a loss of memory. It seems therefore, that we have come full circle; erasing memory will take away identity, leaving a blank, a dummy, which the poet cannot represent. In conclusion, it must be remembered that representation is just that an attempt to represent a concept, an idea or a character, but not the actual thing itself. Every person will interpret that notion or persona in a different light and so putting this into words will also therefore be subjective. This is more extreme in the case of Carol Ann Duffy, due to her radical choice of subject matter and the people she chooses to represent in her poetry. In essence then, of course representation creates dummies, models or imitations of the reality when seen by a wide readership. To Duffy, these representations will be more accurate they are her perceptions of the world and of the characters she has created. However, the reader must accept these perceptions and opinion as, after all, this is what is written; there is no second opinion. Ultimately, the acceptance of these words makes us dummies, with no choice but to accept, attempt to interpret and try to understand, and enjoy Carol Ann Duffys poetry. Word Count : 2013 Primary Texts Duffy, Carol Ann. , 1985. Standing Female Nude. Anvil Press : London Duffy, Carol Ann. , 1987. Selling Manhattan. Anvil Press : London Duffy, Carol Ann. , 1990. The Other Country. Anvil Press : London. Duffy, Carol Ann. , 1993. Mean Time. Anvil Press : London Duffy, Carol Ann. , 1994. Selected Poems. Penguin : London. Duffy, Carol Ann. , 1999. The Worlds Wife. Picador : London Secondary Texts Bakhtin, M. M. , 1981. Holquist, M. ed. , Emerson, C. , trans. The Dialogic Imagination. University of Texas Press : Austin Connell, P. E. , 2005. Raising the subject : Indeterminacy in the poetry of Carol Ann Duffy. University of Hull : Kingston-Upon-Hull Freud, S. , 1948 (1901). The Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Ernst Benn : London Gregson, I. , 1996. Comtemporary Poetry and Postmodernism. Macmillan : Basingstoke Kenigan, J. , 2004. Notes from the Home Front : Contemporary British Poetry. Essays In Critcism. (54,2) Michelis Rowland. , 2005. The Poetry of Carol Ann Duffy : Choosing tough words. Years Work of English Studies, (84,1) pp. 764-853 Porter, E. , 1999. What like is it? Landscape and Language in Carol Ann Duffys Love Poetry. Neohelicon, (26, 1) pp. 79-80 Robinson, A. , 1988. Instabilities in Contemporary British Poetry. Macmillan : Basingstoke Thomas, J. E. , 1998-9. The intolerable wrestle with words: Carol Ann Duffy. Bete Noire, (6) pp. 78-88 1 Alfred Hitchcock Source unknown.